Sorry that i was so late in putting
this up. Anyway, here is the key to the "mysterious" roman
numerals.....
II.
Plot
of I vs.
t
for the discharging circuit. The tricky part if you plot it for charging
capacitor is that the current for the charging capacitor is
not
I = Vc/R but is given by
I = (Vo - Vc)/R
III.
Finding
the time constants from the computer graphs --
Here, you had to note that Vo
is the voltage at time t = 0 sec. and not 10
V
For most of the computers, it was set to be Vo
= 9.5 V ( = the trigger value.)
IV. Plotting V vs. t on the semi-log graph paper --
V.
finding the slope of the semi-log graphs --
Here, the slope is not given by usual
m = (Y2 - Y1)/(X2
- X1)
but by
VI.
Finding the equivalant capacitance --
The equivalant capacitance is given from the time constant by
Ceq = (T/R).
This was the experimentally found C.
But, for each circuit you were either given the equivlant
capacitance
(for circuit A and B)
or you could use the appropriate equation for series or parallel
combination
and calculate it (for circuit C and D).
VII. Then you've to compare the experimental value and the theoretical value.
The rest of it was just answering the questions ---
VIII.
The graph of I vs. t
for a charging capacitor is expected to look exactly like
that for the discharging capacitor.
This could be explained in various ways -
i) Note that as the capacitor charges, it takes longer and longer
time to charge further,
which implies that the current decreases as time goes on and hence
the graph will
look like a downward curve and not a upward curve.
ii) The other way is to use the equation used in part II
above.
(Now, as much as you might dislike equations, they're usually
the only infalliable arguments !!
So, there's no escaping math........)
IX.
There were two things about rates of charging/discharging -
i) The circuit for which the time constant is more (that means
higher
value of cpacitance,)
will take more time to charge/discharge as compared to the one with lesser
time constant.
( The exam question was just based on this observation.)
ii) The rate of charging simply means the current in the circuit
- hence as time passes,
the rate of charging/discharging decreases.
X.
Ha, this is the most difficult one to explain without a graph and with
my limited skills of handling html documents, I don't know how to include
a graph here. But, I'll try (and as usual there're two ways)
........
i) On a semi-log graph, the interval between ,say, 10-9V was much
less that the interval
between ,say, 1-2V. For a discharging
capacitor,
the time it takes to go from 10V to 9V is
much less than it takes to go from 2V to 1V. and hence the graph is
linear.
(I know that this is pretty vauge but there is just so much i can
do without a graph.)
ii) What you're really plotting on a semi-log paper is not
V
vs t but ln V
vs.
t
and again using the equations in the manual, you can see that the relation
between ln V and
t
is linear.